General Information

The eye is one of the most important organs of the intelligent human being. The features of this incredible organ are amazing. Approximately 80% of perception in human beings is through the eyes. 70% of sensory receptors of the body are in the retina layer of the eye. Sony's 2002 model most advanced digital camera has 4,200,000 receptors while the human eye operates with an incredible sensitivity provided by its 120,000,000 black & white and 6,500,000 color receptors.


How do we see ?

The eye functions like a camera or better like a video camera. Light rays coming from the objects arrive on the cornea first. Cornea provides 70% of the refractive power of the eye. After refracting the light rays, it directs them to the lens through an aperture called the pupil. The lens bends, in turn, refracts the rays again. It makes a fine adjustment to focus the light rays on the retina. This adjustment is similar to the auto-focus function of cameras. This superb, silent and continuous auto-focus function is due to the lens' ability to change its refractive power by altering its form and thickness. This function is called accommodation.


In a non-accommodating young eye the refractive power of the lens is below 20 diopters but with maximum accommodation it increases to more than 30 diopters, which is nearly equal to an 8.5 diopters increase in the eye's total refractive power. Because of this ability the young eye can see both near and far objects well.

After the light rays are bent at the lens, they pass through the vitreous, the jelly-like substance filling the back part of the eyeball, and reach the retina. The retina, which makes up the inner lining of the eyeball functions like a camera film, or a CCD of a digital video camera. Then light rays are converted into electrical impulses by the retina and carried to the brain by the optic nerve. These impulses are processed and perceived as images by the brain.

We perform following surgeries:

Glaucoma Surgery
Cataract Surgery
Phacoemulsification (Suture less Surgery)
Vitroretinal Surgery
Micro Surgery
Squint Surgery

Glaucoma Surgery:

Cataract Surgery:
Cataracts are common in older people. About 60 percent of those older than 60 years and 70 percent of those older than 75 years have cataracts. Because cataracts can seriously impair your vision, they can limit or prevent you from working or enjoying many of the activities that are important to the quality of your life. Fortunately, medical science has made significant strides in cataract treatment. Today, the vast majority of patients whose cataracts are treated surgically enjoy vision that is at least as good as the vision they had before they developed cataracts.

Normal Vision	Vision with Cataract

Researchers continue to study cataracts, but their cause remains uncertain. However, there are certain risk factors associated with cataracts, they include:

Age	Most Indians older than 60 years have cataracts.
Medical conditions	Diabetes and other systemic diseases, glaucoma, and metabolic abnormalities can cause cataracts.
Physical injuries	Commonly called traumatic cataracts. A blow to the eye, great heat or cold, chemical injury, exposure to radiation (usually associated with radiation therapy for cancer patients), and other injuries can lead to cataract formation.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVA or UVB).	Long-term exposure to sunlight is believed to speed the development of cataracts
Oral steroids and other medications	Oral steroids (such as prednisone), the gout medication allopurinol, the breast cancer drug tamoxifen, the heart medication amiodorone, and the long-term use of aspirin have also been associated with cataracts.
Smoking	Studies indicate that smokers are twice as likely to develop cataracts than nonsmokers and that quitting can reduce the risk for developing cataracts.

Phacoemulsification (Suture less Surgery)
Emulsification of the lens (cataract) inside the eye. Old methods require large incision of 10 - 12mm. Phacoemulsification requires only 2 - 3.5mm incision.
Nucleus (cataract) is removed by fragmenting in to small pieces, with aspiration on can be performed under topical anaesthesia.
Fast recovery and rehabilitations.
Less chance of inflammation and infection.
No suture related problems, quicker healing & recovery.

Squint Surgery:
In order to see correctly both eyes must move in same direction. This is done by pulling by one muscle in one direction and relaxing of other muscle. To see one object both eyes must look at it at the same time. Each eye sees it from different angle and each eye sends a slightly different picture to the brain (Binocular vision). Brain blends the two picture to give a three dimensional image. This process is known as fusion and it gives the ability to judge the relative distance in two objects (depth perception).

If the muscles are not coordinated the images of to eyes send two brain will not fuse and one gets double vision. The child quickly and unconsciously learns to ignore the image of one eye (suppression) and the eye becomes lazy (amblyopic)

The development of binocular vision starts at age of 6 months to be completed by age of 5 – 8 years. So the squint treatment should be done in this age.

False Squint:
This is the condition where eye looks deviated because of structural factors as broad nose. But the examination by an eye doctor will diagnose this case. It normally gets corrected with age and needs no treatment. 

Latent Squint:
In this condition eye remains straight in normal gaze but gets squinted on strain and tiredness. Squint is seen on covering one eye - the covered eye becomes squinted. Actually the imbalance in this case is not so much to cause obvious squint . Eye muscles tries to maintain binocular vision. This causes strain and headache. Mostly it is due to refractive error and correction may give relief from headache 

Causes for squint:
Birth injuries.
Hereditary.
Faulty muscle balance.
Need for glasses.
Certain eye diseases interfering vision of one eye.